Role of D-fagomine and omega-3 plyunsaturated fatty acids on gut microbia and related metabolic changes in healthy rats and in a model of fat-induced prediabetes

dc.contributor
Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Biologia
dc.contributor.author
Hereu Planellas, Mercè
dc.date.accessioned
2019-10-03T10:13:02Z
dc.date.available
2019-10-03T10:13:02Z
dc.date.issued
2019-07-19
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667567
dc.description
Tesi realitzada a l'Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC) / Programa de Doctorat: Biomedicina
en_US
dc.description.abstract
Modern lifestyles in an increasing number of human societies include consuming an excess of saturated fats and refined sugars as well as enjoying microbiologically aseptic environments. Maintaining the appropriate distribution of gut microbial populations (eubiosis) is emerging as an attractive approach to prevent ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance (IR), and to avert the progression of diabetes. Functional food components are those that help maintain the normal bodily functions beyond providing energy or building blocks. They may bring about physiological health benefits for both healthy subjects following a healthy lifestyle and people belonging to risk groups such as obese or pre-diabetic populations. D-Fagomine is an iminosugar originally present in buckwheat with the capacity for selectively inhibiting bacterial adhesion to the intestinal mucosa. ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce blood pressure as well as levels of insulin, triacylglycerols, cholesterol and total lipids. Iminosugars and ω-3 PUFAs may be used as functional food ingredients or dietary supplements to maintain a healthy status over time and to reduce risk factors for diabetes. This thesis focuses on the effects of buckwheat D-fagomine, fish ω-3 PUFAs (EPA/DHA 1:1) and their combination on the gut microbiota and related metabolic variables in the host both in healthy rats and a rat model of fat-induced pre-diabetes. In the first part of this thesis we explored the effects of D-fagomine and ω-3 PUFAs (EPA/DHA 1:1) on rats given a standard diet as a model for healthy subjects. We found that D-fagomine had the capacity for promoting microbial functional diversity by increasing the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and for mitigating the age-related reduction in populations of the putatively beneficial Lactobacilliales and Bifidobacteriales. Also, the populations of the genus Prevotella remained stable over time in animals supplemented with D- fagomine, independently of ω-3 PUFAs supplementation. The combination between D-fagomine and ω-3 PUFAs provided the functional benefits of each supplement. Notably, it helped stabilize populations of Prevotella in the rat intestinal tract while reducing weight gain and providing the anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular benefits of ω-3 PUFAs. In the second part we explored the effects of the same supplements on rats with fat-induced pre-diabetes as a model for people at risk of suffering from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We found that D-fagomine delayed the development of a fat-induced pre-diabetic state by reducing low-grade inflammation. We suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of D-fagomine may be linked to a reduction in fat-induced overpopulation of minor gut bacterial groups such as Enterobacteriales. The combined supplements counteracted the high-fat induced incipient IR, and liver inflammation, while increasing the cecal content, the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio as well as the populations of putatively beneficial Bifidobacteriales and Lactobacilliales. The functional effects of the combination between D-fagomine and EPA/DHA 1:1 against the gut dysbiosis and the very early metabolic alterations induced by a high-fat westernized diet were mainly those of D-fagomine complemented by the anti-inflammatory action of ω-3 PUFAs. The results of this thesis point clearly towards a functional role for D-fagomine in the maintenance of the intestinal health by preserving diversity and mitigating the age-related reduction of some beneficial bacteria and also in the prevention of risk factors for diet-induced pre-diabetes reinforced by the action of ω-3 PUFAs by complementary mechanisms.
en_US
dc.format.extent
232 p.
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dc.format.mimetype
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
en_US
dc.publisher
Universitat de Barcelona
dc.rights.license
L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi queda condicionat a l'acceptació de les condicions d'ús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.uri
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
*
dc.source
TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
dc.subject
Àcids grassos insaturats
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dc.subject
Ácidos grasos insaturados
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dc.subject
Unsaturated fatty acids
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dc.subject
Àcids grassos omega-3
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dc.subject
Ácidos grasos omega-3
en_US
dc.subject
Omega-3 fatty acids
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dc.subject
Microbiota intestinal
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dc.subject
Gastrointestinal microbiome
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dc.subject
Diabetis
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dc.subject
Diabetes
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dc.subject.other
Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques
en_US
dc.title
Role of D-fagomine and omega-3 plyunsaturated fatty acids on gut microbia and related metabolic changes in healthy rats and in a model of fat-induced prediabetes
en_US
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.subject.udc
577
en_US
dc.contributor.director
Ramos Romero, Sara
dc.contributor.director
Romeu Ferran, Marta
dc.contributor.tutor
Ramos Romero, Sara
dc.embargo.terms
cap
en_US
dc.rights.accessLevel
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess


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